Prunus lannesiana ‘Shiogama’: A Historic Cherry Blossom
Prunus lannesiana ‘Shiogama’, commonly referred to as Prunus ‘Shiogama’, is a historic and revered Sato-sakura (village cherry) with origins deeply rooted in Japanese culture and history. Named after the Shiogama Jinja, a Shinto shrine in Shiogama City, Miyagi Prefecture, this cherry tree has withstood the test of time, including the devastating 2011 tsunami in NE Honshu.
Background and Botanical Information
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Common Names: Shiogama Cherry, Shiogama Sakura
Origin: Japan
Prunus lannesiana ‘Shiogama’ is part of the Prunus genus, which encompasses various deciduous trees and shrubs known for their beautiful blossoms and fruit. The species is hermaphroditic, meaning it possesses both male and female reproductive organs, and is pollinated by insects.
Historical Significance
First mentioned in a cherry list from 1707, Prunus ‘Shiogama’ likely derives from a cherry in the courtyard of the Kanazawa Palace in the Kenroku-en Garden, Ishikawa Prefecture, during the Kaga feudal clan era. It may have even been referenced in a waka (short poem) by Emperor Horikawa (1086-1107 AD). Designated as one of the 27 Natural Monuments of Japan in 1940, the original tree eventually died of old age, leading to the cancellation of its designation in 1959. However, it was propagated through grafting by a dedicated gardener at the Shiogama shrine, ensuring its survival.
Description
Height: Approximately 5 meters (16 feet)
Crown: Umbrella-shaped, extending laterally
Flowers: Fully double with 40-60 pale pink petals, turning white with age. The flowers are narrow and pointed, and have an irregular wave-like undulation along their length. They also feature phylloid (green leaf-like) stamen/pistils.
Blooming Period: Late April to early May in Japan, later than the Yoshino cherry.
Leaves: The leaves begin to grow out during the flowering period.
Prunus ‘Shiogama’ is celebrated for its large, drooping clusters of flowers. The pale red petals with red edges and white centers create a stunning display that enhances gardens and landscapes.
Cultivation and Care of Prunus lannesiana ‘Shiogama’:
Sunlight Requirements: Full sun
Soil Preferences: Light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils, provided they are well-drained. The tree prefers mildly acidic to mildly alkaline soils (pH 6-8.5).
Watering Schedule: Adjust based on growth stage, local weather, and soil conditions. Before budding (mid-spring), water once. From mid-spring to just before fall, water every month. Ensure thorough watering each time until the water on the soil surface stops draining. Stop watering in autumn and winter to prevent frost damage.
Soil and Planting:
- Select a sandy loam or loam rich in organic matter.
- Ensure the soil is moist but drains well.
- Avoid planting in areas with concentrated salt and alkalis.
Maintenance:
- Loosen the soil and remove weeds after watering.
- Mulch to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
Propagation
Methods:
- Grafting: This is the primary method used to propagate Prunus ‘Shiogama’, ensuring the preservation of its unique characteristics.
- Cuttings: Softwood cuttings taken in early summer with bottom heat can also be successful.
Pests and Diseases
Pests: May be susceptible to cherry blackflies and other aphids, leaf-mining moths, and caterpillars.
Diseases: Can be affected by bacterial canker, blossom wilt, and silver leaf. The variety may also be susceptible to brown rot.
Landscaping Uses
Prunus ‘Shiogama’ is ideal for:
- Traditional Japanese gardens
- Public parks
- Large garden spaces
- Ornamental focal points in landscapes
Its beautiful double flowers and historical significance make it a valuable addition to any garden, providing both aesthetic beauty and a connection to Japan’s rich cultural heritage.
Conclusion
Prunus lannesiana ‘Shiogama’ stands as a testament to Japan’s horticultural history and dedication to preserving its natural beauty. With its stunning flowers and robust nature, this cherry tree is not only a symbol of resilience but also an exquisite ornamental plant that can enhance any landscape. Whether planted in gardens, parks or as a focal point in a large space, Prunus ‘Shiogama’ offers a piece of history and a breathtaking display of nature’s artistry.
